| BE AU PRETERIT |
|
Le Prétérit est le temps du passé. |
|
être |
avoir |
opérateur |
| Pronoms |
to be |
to have |
to do |
| I |
was |
had |
did |
| You |
were |
had |
did |
| he |
was |
had |
did |
| she |
was |
had |
did |
| it |
was |
had |
did |
| we |
were |
had |
did |
| you |
were |
had |
did |
| they |
were |
had |
did |
La forme interrogative consiste à nverser le verbe et le sujet :
Was there salad on the table ?
Y avait-il de la salade sur la table ?
Were there many people in the street ?
Est ce qu'il y avait beaucoup de monde dans la rue ?
To have to permet d'exprimer l'obligation au passé.
Tom had to buy a ticket.
Tom a dû acheter un ticket.
Did you have to buy a ticket ?
As tu dû acheter un ticket ?
|
| MARQUEURS DU PASSE |
| Certains marqueurs du passé entraînent le prétérit |
| Yesterday I went to school. |
Hier, je suis allé à l'école. |
| Last year I published a book. |
L'année dernière, j'ai publié un livre |
| Three years ago I divorced. |
J'ai divorcé il y a trois ans. |
| She was born in 1926. |
Elle est née en 1926. |
|
| PRETERIT DE BE +VERBE + ING |
Le
prétérit de be + V + ing permet de décrire, de
commenter des actions qui se sont déroulées dans le
passé.
Il est souvent asocié au prétérit simple, pour
indiquer qu'une action était en cours dans le passé
au moment où un autre évènement est survenu. |
| She was reading. |
Elle était en train de lire. |
| The telephone rang. |
Le téléphone sonna. |
| She was reading when the telephone rang. |
Elle était en train de lire quand le téléphone a sonné |
| She hurt herself while she was skiing. |
Elle s'est blessée quand elle skiait. |
|
| VERBES REGULIERS |
| Le prétérit se forme de la même manière quelque soit la personne. |
| Le prétérit se forme en ajoutant -ed à l'infinitif (base verbale) |
| Work |
work/ed |
travailler |
| Play |
play/ed |
jouer |
| en ajoutant "d" aux verbes qui se terminent en -e |
| dance |
dance/d |
danser |
| decide |
decide/d |
décider |
| en doublant
la consonne des verbes qui se terminent par une consonne
précédée d'une voyelle et en ajoutant -ed |
| stop |
stop/p/ed |
stopper |
| travel |
travel/l/ed |
voyager |
| en
transformant le y en i pour les verbes qui se terminent par un y
précédé d'une consonne et en ajoutant -ed |
| cry |
cried |
crier |
| carry |
carried |
porter |
|
|
|
|
| LA FORME NEGATIVE |
|
La forme négative se constitue à partir de :
l'opérateur do à l'imparfait + not + l'infinitif (base verbale) |
| I |
didn't |
like |
water |
. |
Je n'aimais pas l'eau . |
| You |
didn't |
like |
water |
. |
Tu n'aimais pas l'eau . |
| He |
didn't |
like |
water |
. |
Il n'aimait pas l'eau . |
| She |
didn't |
like |
water |
. |
Elle n'aimait pas l'eau . |
| It |
didn't |
like |
water |
. |
Il/elle n'aimait pas l'eau . |
| We |
didn't |
like |
water |
. |
Nous n'aimions pas l'eau . |
| You |
didn't |
like |
water |
. |
Vous n'aimiez pas l'eau . |
| They |
didn't |
like |
water |
. |
Ils n'aimaient pas l'eau . |
|
| LA FORME INTERROGATIVE |
|
La forme interrogative se constitue à partir de :
l' opérateur do à l'imparfait + sujet + la base verbale |
|
Did |
I |
swim |
|
? |
Est ce que je nageais ? |
|
Did |
you |
swim |
|
? |
Est ce que tu nageais ? |
|
Did |
he |
swim |
|
? |
Est ce qu' il nageait ? |
|
Did |
she |
swim |
|
? |
Est ce qu' elle nageait ? |
|
Did |
it |
swim |
|
? |
Est ce qu'il/elle nageait ? |
|
Did |
we |
swim |
|
? |
Est ce que nous nagions ? |
|
Did |
you |
swim |
|
? |
Est ce que vous nagiez ? |
|
Did |
they |
swim |
|
? |
Est ce qu'ils nageaient ? |
|
| VERBES IRREGULIERS |
| be |
was |
been |
être |
| become |
became |
become |
devenir |
| begin |
began |
begun |
commencer |
| break |
broke |
broken |
briser |
| bring |
brought |
brought |
apporter |
| build |
built |
built |
construire |
| burn |
burnt |
burnt |
brûler |
| buy |
bought |
bought |
acheter |
| catch |
caught |
caught |
attraper |
| come |
came |
come |
venir |
| cost |
cost |
cost |
coûter |
| cut |
cut |
cut |
couper |
| do |
did |
done |
faire |
| draw |
drew |
drawn |
dessiner |
| drink |
drank |
drunk |
boire |
| drive |
drove |
driven |
conduire |
| eat |
ate |
eaten |
manger |
| fall |
fell |
fallen |
tomber |
| feed |
fed |
fed |
nourrir |
| feel |
felt |
felt |
sentir |
| fight |
fought |
fought |
combattre |
| find |
found |
found |
trouver |
| fly |
flew |
flown |
voler |
| forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
oublier |
| get |
got |
got |
obtenir |
| give |
gave |
given |
donner |
| go |
went |
gone |
aller |
| grow |
grew |
grown |
croître |
| have |
had |
had |
avoir |
| hear |
heard |
heard |
entendre |
| hide |
hid |
hidden |
cacher |
| hold |
held |
held |
tenir |
| hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
blesser (se) |
| keep |
kept |
kept |
garder |
| know |
knew |
known |
connaître |
| lay |
laid |
laid |
poser |
| learn |
learnt |
learnt |
apprendre |
| leave |
left |
left |
laisser |
| lie |
lay |
lain |
ête allongé |
| lose |
lost |
lost |
perdre |
| make |
made |
made |
faire |
| mean |
meant |
meant |
vouloir dire |
| meet |
met |
met |
rencontrer |
| pay |
paid |
paid |
payer |
| put |
put |
put |
mettre |
| read |
read |
read |
lire |
| ride |
rode |
ridden |
aller à cheval |
| ring |
rang |
rung |
sonner |
| run |
ran |
run |
courir |
| say |
said |
said |
dire |
| see |
saw |
seen |
voir |
| sell |
sold |
sold |
vendre |
| send |
sent |
sent |
envoyer |
| shine |
shone |
shone |
briller |
| shut |
shut |
shut |
fermer |
| sing |
sang |
sung |
chanter |
| sit |
sat |
sat |
s'asseoir |
| sleep |
slept |
slept |
dormir |
| smel |
smelt |
smelt |
sentir |
| speak |
spoke |
spoken |
parler |
| spell |
spelt |
spelt |
épeler |
| spend |
spent |
spent |
passer |
| stand |
stood |
stood |
être debout |
| sweep |
swept |
swept |
balayer |
| swim |
swam |
swum |
nager |
| take |
took |
taken |
prendre |
| teach |
taught |
taught |
enseigner |
| tell |
told |
told |
dire |
| think |
thought |
thougth |
penser |
| throw |
threw |
thrown |
jeter |
| understand |
understood |
understood |
comprendre |
| wake |
woke |
woken |
éveiller |
| wear |
wore |
worn |
porter |
| win |
won |
won |
gagner |
| write |
wrote |
written |
écrire |
|
